教师招聘考试试题及答案(英语学科-阅读理解B）
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B
It’s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse’s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to “cure” mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women — it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite’s effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat’s urine (尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that’s not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought — even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat’s smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice’s brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse’s brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans? The answer lies in evolution.
“It’s exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse’s brain this way,” Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring. “Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away.” She said, but this study has proven that wrong. “This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine.”
1. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. mice’s inborn terror of cats
B. the evolution of Toxoplasma
C. a new study about the effects of a parasite on mice
D. a harmful parasite called Toxoplasma gondii
2. The underlined part “hard-wired” in Paragraph 1 probably means _____.
A. deeply rooted
B. quickly changed
C. closely linked
D. deeply hurried
3. The experiment found that mice infected with toxoplasma gondii _____.
A. stayed far away from cat’s urine
B. moved around the urine area freely and fearlessly
C. became more sensitive to cat’s smell
D. were more afraid of cats
4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Toxoplasma gondii causes people strange and deadly diseases.
B. With certain infection the infectious disease cannot be cured completely.
C. Human beings infected by toxoplasma gondii will have permanent brain damage.
D. Toxoplasma gondii is harmful to human beings, but it does no harm to mice.
【答案解析】
1.【答案】C。解析：考查文章大意题。根据文章第二段“She has found a way to ‘cure’ mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.”可知，Ingram 发现了一种方法：通过让老鼠感染寄生虫来改变它们天生对猫的恐惧。文章下面的内容也都是围绕这个新发现来阐述的，故选 C。
2.【答案】A。解析：考查词义理解题。文章第一段指出老鼠即使没有见过猫也是会害怕，可推断出这是老鼠生来就有的一种行为。deeply rooted“深深根植于”符合文章想要表达的意思，故选 A。
3.【答案】B。解析：考查细节理解题。根据文章第四段“They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.”可知，受到寄生虫感染的老鼠能够自由随意地在测试区域周围走动，故选 B。
4.【答案】B。解析：考查细节判断题。寄生虫会对未出生的小孩造成致命性的伤害，故 A 排除;文章只表明这种感染对老鼠的大脑有永久性的改变，并没有提及人类，故 C 排除;寄生虫对人类有危害，但是并不能说明对老鼠没有危害，故 D 排除。文章最后一段指出，人们一旦受到细菌感染就希望吃抗生素来清除所有的感染，并希望所有的症状都能消失，但是这个实验证明这种想法是错误的，即使老鼠吃药治愈后，大脑也受到了影响，可以推断出 B 是正确的。
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